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Project title

Ethanol Emissions and Fungal Growth from Irish Whiskey Maturation: Implications for Environmental Monitoring & Regulatory Compliance

Primary Funding Agency

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Co-Funding Organisation(s)

n/a

Lead Organisation

Dublin City University (DCU)

Lead Applicant

Jenny Lawler

Project Abstract

The EREG project investigates a growing environmental and regulatory issue: the release of ethanol vapours from whiskey maturation warehouses and their role in stimulating the growth of Baudoinia spp, commonly known as "whiskey fungus." This black surface-colonising fungus is increasingly reported by communities living near maturation facilities, where it coats buildings, vegetation, signage, and other exposed surfaces. While the visual and aesthetic impact is clear, there is an urgent need to assess potential environmental, public health, and regulatory implications in an Irish context. Ethanol emissions from whiskey maturation contribute to non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) releases, which fall under Ireland’s obligations under the National Emissions Ceiling Directive and wider EU air quality frameworks. However, current inventories may underestimate the scale of emissions from this sector. EREG will develop a robust methodology for estimating ethanol loss from the maturation process and assess whether current regulatory approaches adequately address these emissions. At the same time, EREG will investigate the ecological dynamics of whiskey fungus, including how ethanol concentrations, meteorological conditions, and facility proximity shape fungal growth patterns. A key aim is to assess whether the widespread colonisation by B. compniacensis/caledoniensis presents any risk to public health, especially in vulnerable populations. Though generally considered a nuisance, concerns have been raised internationally about potential respiratory or allergenic effects of prolonged exposure to fungal spores. EREG will synthesise existing health evidence and relate it to the Irish setting. The project will engage distilleries, policymakers, public health officials, and affected communities, ensuring research findings inform future regulatory decision-making and voluntary industry practices. It will also assess the feasibility of abatement and control strategies that reduce emissions and manage fungal proliferation. Ultimately, EREG aims to provide a scientific foundation for evidence-based policy and improve environmental quality around whiskey maturation sites across Ireland.

Grant Approved

€159,624.34

Research Hub

Delivering a Healthy Environment

Research Theme

n/a

Start Date

31/03/2026

Initial Projected Completion Date

30/09/2027