Research 514: F-gas Use, Scale and Environment (FUSE4i): An Improved Indicative Inventory for Ireland

Authors: Peter Wise, Reena Cole, Narjes Fallah, Mariagrazia Proto and Yvonne Ryan-Fogarty

Summary: Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), F-gas, is a human made synthetic, colourless and odourless, non-flammable (GHG). It has the highest 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of all GHGs. This research led by a team in UL analysed SF6 use, conducted stakeholder engagement and used modelling to assess SF6 use, emissions data and Environmental Impact Assessment requirements in the power and semiconductor sectors. The findings highlighted weaknesses in data collection, reporting, and end‑of‑life management of SF6‑containing equipment. The research recommends ‘Best Practice’ emissions reducing alternatives and increased training for safe handling to support policymakers, regulators, and industry in meeting regulatory obligations. The findings also support improved regulation, emission reduction strategies, and circular economy objectives, while noting limitations related to reliance on industry to self‑report and challenges due to incomplete private‑sector data availability.

Published: 2026

ISBN: 978-1-80009-396-6

Pages: 39

Filesize: 2,510 KB

Format: pdf

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Project highlights video

What did the research aim to address?

The research aimed to address the environmental challenge posed by sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), a potent greenhouse gas used in various equipment and industries. The knowledge gap focused on understanding SF₆ usage, emissions and alternatives in Ireland. This research is crucial for helping policymakers, environmental agencies and industries mitigate SF₆ emissions, comply with regulations and transition to sustainable practices. The study combined data analysis, stakeholder consultations and innovative modelling to assess SF₆ usage and emissions. It explored alternatives and recommended best practices for SF₆ management, emphasising the need for accurate data collection and reporting.

What did the research find?

The research identified significant SF₆ usage in Ireland, primarily in the power and semiconductor industries. It highlighted the environmental impact of SF₆ emissions and the need for accurate data collection and reporting. A review of information required in environmental impact assessments regarding end-of-life management of SF₆-containing switchgear should be conducted. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of SF₆ emissions, helping to bridge the knowledge gap and inform strategies for reducing emissions. The research is crucial for helping policymakers, environmental agencies and industries develop effective SF₆ management practices, especially in light of the circular economy aims. The project produced detailed data on SF₆ usage and emissions, along with recommendations for best practices and potential alternatives. This research advances the state of the art by providing a detailed analysis of SF₆ emissions and offering innovative solutions for mitigation. The research assumes accurate self-reporting by industries and may be limited by the availability of comprehensive data from all sectors.

How can the research findings be used?

Implementing the research findings involves enhancing data collection and reporting mechanisms, promoting SF₆ alternatives and increasing stakeholder engagement. Training and certification programmes for SF₆ handling should be expanded. The research supports policy development by providing a detailed understanding of SF₆ emissions and promoting best practices for SF₆ management. It aims to reduce SF₆ emissions, contributing to climate goals. The primary target audience of this research is the EPA’s Emissions Statistics Team; however, the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment and the EPA Office of Environmental Enforcement may also find these insights useful for developing regulations, improving SF₆ management and transitioning to sustainable alternatives. Opportunities include leveraging new EU regulations and enhancing collaboration with industry stakeholders. Future research should address gaps in data from the private sector, explore additional SF₆ alternatives and develop more accurate emission estimation methods.