8000 adults aged over 50 years. Using the HSE-PRCR prescribing database, the project found a positive association between respiratory item prescription rates and PM2.5 levels, while the results for NO2 were inconclusive. The project also developed an enhanced Wind Sector Land Use Regression (WS-LUR) model that estimates ambient NO2 concentrations at any location in Ireland with particular emphasis on vehicle fleet changes and traffic flow impacts on NO2. , Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognised globally as one of the greatest challenges to human and animal health. In 2021, Ireland’s second National Action Plan on AMR (iNAP2) strengthened Ireland’s commitment to tackling the challenge of AMR using the ‘One Health’ approach. The role of the environment in the persistence and transmission of AMR is the least studied element of the One Health paradigm. This was further highlighted by the analysis commissioned by the EPA in preparation for iNAP2. The findings of the AREST project add significantly to our understanding of this environmental dimension of AMR by (1) providing evidence of the extent of contamination of the Irish environment with antimicrobial-resistant organisms and antimicrobial resistance genes of clinical concern, (2) generating national-level data on the key sources, hotspots and drivers of AMR in the environment from the human health and agriculture sectors, and (3) providing key data and recommendations., Major electricity infrastructure, such as high-voltage power lines, transformer stations and substations, emits non-ionising radiation in the form of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs). Potential health effects associated with long-term exposure to ELF EMFs have been a concern since the late 1970s. However, epidemiological studies of health risks of ELF EMF exposure have reported varying results, and a causal relationship has not been established. This research report presents a review on the published literature in relation to populations exposure to ELF EMFs, epidemiological studies on associated health risks, current EU policies, monitoring strategies, methods to reduce exposure and strategies for risk communication. , Ireland regularly reports the highest annual crude incidence of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) enteritis and cryptosporidiosis in Europe, it is typically 5–10 times the European average. Drivers of infections include short-term hydrometeorological conditions, elevated levels of pastoral agriculture and high reliance on septic tanks and private domestic groundwater sources. Forecasts suggest that Ireland will experience significant hydrometeorological pattern changes due to global warming. The STEP_WISE project focused on increasing scientific understanding of the spatiotemporal mechanisms associated with waterborne VTEC enteritis and cryptosporidiosis in Ireland, and determining how these findings could be translated into enhanced environmental, infrastructural and healthcare policies. The research findings provide policy actors with valuable information to address transmission sources, pathways and source–pathway interactions associated with both infections in Ireland., In Ireland groundwater sources provide domestic drinking water to approximately 750,000 people in mainly rural areas. Studies that differentiate the exposure pathways and sources are of paramount importance for establishing environmental management solutions that safeguard public health. Ireland currently has the highest incidence of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection in the EU, domestic private wells are identified as a likely source of infection. This is a public health concern for public authorities and consumers alike. The DESIGN research project provides the first quantitative assessment of VTEC and Cryptosporidium in domestic groundwater supplies in Ireland. It provides insight into the prevalence, source and transport of VTEC and Cryptosporidium in groundwater supplies. The research developed bespoke, spatio-temporal groundwater management policies, and offers invaluable guidance for future planning, remediation and mitigation of contamination in private wells., ‘INNOVATION FOR A GREEN ECONOMY’ is a non-technical report giving a brief snapshot of the story so far with regard to EPA-funded Environmental Technologies and Cleaner Production research and innovation projects along with details of the next steps in the area., STRIVE Report 32 - Paul Ryan et al., STRIVE Report 33- Aoife Burke, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 33, STRIVE Report 23 - Dmitri B. Papkovsky et al, STRIVE Report 29 - Barbara Fogarty et al., STRIVE Report 30 - Fiona Regan et al., STRIVE 37 - C. Gibson et al., STRIVE Report 36 - Tanja Radu et al., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 36, STRIVE Report 30 - Donal Keane, Eoin Flynn and Michael Morris, STRIVE Report 51 - Angela Boyce and Gary Walsh, STRIVE Report 53 - Breda M. Kiernan, Stephen Beirne, Cormac Fay and Dermot Diamond, STRIVE Report 45 - Xinmin Zhan, Mark G. Healy, Jianping Li and Daniel Norton, STRIVE Report 57 - Yaqian Zhao, STRIVE Report 55 - John W. McGrath and John P. Quinn, STRIVE Report 63 - Michael O’Dea and Noel Duffy, STRIVE Report 65 - Mark M. O'Mahony, Niall D. O’Leary and Alan D.W. Dobson, CGPP report - EPA Cleaner Greener Production Programme: Experiences, Impacts and Outcomes for Participant Organisations. Authors: Dr Rachel Hilliard, Dr Suchitra Pal and Valerie Parker, Centre for Innovation & Structural Change NUI Galway., STRIVE Report 70 - Lorraine Nagle and James Rohan, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 70, STRIVE Report 81- Katrina Macintosh, Rachel Cassidy, Phil Jordan, Joerg Arnscheidt and Valerie McCarthy.University of Ulster, Northern Ireland., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 81, Katrina Macintosh, Rachel Cassidy, Phil Jordan, Joerg Arnscheidt and Valerie McCarthy, STRIVE Report 77- Shane T. Kenny, Jasmina Nikodinovic Runic and Kevin O’Connor, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 77, Dr. Kevin O’ Connor, Shane T. Kenny, Jasmina Nikodinovic Runic., Authors: Fiona Regan, Antóin Lawlor, Brendan O’Flynn and John Wallace. Lead Organisation: Dublin City University., STRIVE Report 64- Dermot Hughes, Anne Marie Enright, Thérèse Mahony, Vincent O’Flaherty, Authors: Dermot Hughes, Anne Marie Enright, Thérèse Mahony, Vincent O’Flaherty, STRIVE Report 78-Edmond O’Reilly, Eoghan Clifford, Michael Rodgers and Padraic O’Donoghue. Lead Organisation: National University of Ireland Galway, Authors: Edmond O’Reilly, Eoghan Clifford, Michael Rodgers and Padraic O’Donoghue, This publication highlights case studies from the EPA-supported Cleaner Greener Production programme from 2008-2012., EPA leaflet highlighting Irish involvement with European Joint Programming Initiative 'Cultural Heritage and Global Change: A new challenge', Currently, for every 1kg of active pharmaceutical product produced between 25 and 100kg of waste is generated. This project looks at new technologies that reduce water and energy requirements, offering cost savings and improved product yield, with less waste generated., ERC Report 17 - Mooney, P & Winstanley, AC, This project looks at upcycling waste plastic from Irish farms to a more valuable biodegradable form of plastic., The project has demonstrated the first step towards the development of a green approach to CO2 reduction and recycling, and delivers a technology where hydrogen can be produced from water at room temperature., This report details our progress towards the development of safer, less toxic and biodegradable chemicals called acid catalysts., The focus of this project was to develop an alternative greener pretreatment method, based on the use of thermoacidophilic enzymes, which aims to improve the efficiency of the pretreatment step and overcome many of the technical, economical, environmental and health & safety related disadvantages associated with current practice., The aim of this EPA funded project was to develop cost effective microfluidic platforms for enzymatic biofuel cells., This project involved a laboratory scale study into improving the properties of commercial water filtration membranes for removal of metal ions such as copper and chromium from water, forming ion selective smart membranes and the reduction of protein fouling., This summary report highlights the achievements of this project, which demonstrated the development of a technology for the conversion of post-consumer (farm) plastic into a biodegradable plastic., The project has demonstrated the first step towards the development of a green approach to CO2 reduction and recycling, and delivers a technology where hydrogen can be produced from water at room temperature., The aim of this EPA funded project was to develop cost effective microfluidic platforms for enzymatic biofuel cells., This project involved a laboratory scale study into improving the properties of commercial water filtration membranes for removal of metal ions such as copper and chromium from water, forming ion selective smart membranes and the reduction of protein fouling., The focus of this project was to develop an alternative greener pretreatment method, based on the use of thermoacidophilic enzymes, which aims to improve the efficiency of the pretreatment step and overcome many of the technical, economical, environmental and health & safety related disadvantages associated with current practice., This report details our progress towards the development of safer, less toxic and biodegradable chemicals called acid catalysts., Currently, for every 1kg of active pharmaceutical product produced between 25 and 100kg of waste is generated. This project looks at new technologies that reduce water and energy requirements, offering cost savings and improved product yield, with less waste gnerated., Autonomous sensor platforms were developed by the research team in Dublin City University (DCU) allowing for long-term continuous monitoring of greenhouse gases and extraction pressure. Web-based accessibility via integrated telemetry facilitated data access and visualisation from remote deployments. These platforms were employed principally on landfill sites., Autonomous sensor platforms were developed by the research team in Dublin City University (DCU) allowing for long-term continuous monitoring of greenhouse gases and extraction pressure. Web-based accessibility via integrated telemetry facilitated data access and visualisation from remote deployments. These platforms were employed principally on landfill sites., Best Practices from the European Implementation Reviews of Environmental Law in the EU-28 Countries, This report sets out to assess key current issues, and important emerging issues, in the waste policy arena in the European Commission, and in selected Member States., Annex to the Report: Review of Current Priorities and Emerging Issues in European Waste Policy, FloodWarnTech was an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-funded desk study of flood warning, with a specific focus on Ireland. Its objectives were to investigate (1) flood forecasting techniques and systems in use in Ireland and elsewhere; (2) methods and models best suited for use in Ireland; and (3) the optimal use of relevant data sources, observations and forecasts for flood forecasting., Environmental sensitivity is a critical consideration in natural resource management. In the context of the legislative requirements for impact assessment, environmental sensitivity (or vulnerability) assessments present a framework for systematically determining the potential for significant adverse impacts., This project presents a method to cheaply produce high-capacity biosorbents from Irish brown seaweeds., The Algeopolymers project study focused on a state-of-the-art review related to geopolymers, including the use of wastes and by products as core ingredients in geopolymer products. The objective of the research was to investigate the potential for Irish wastes (fly ash, bauxite residues, etc.) to be used in geopolymer applications and the opportunities for these geopolymer applications within the construction industry in Ireland., This report aims to distil out the best practices from the 28-Country EU Environmental Implementation Review 2019 (EIR)., The SEA Directive aims to integrate environmental considerations into planning and decision-making, with a view to promoting sustainable development. However, the extent to which the findings of environmental assessments are informing decisions is not fully understood. This report presents the findings of the second review of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) effectiveness in Ireland., This report is an update of the previous stand-alone guidance document on SEA Statements and monitoring, prepared as part of the EPA-funded project Second Review of SEA Effectiveness in Ireland (González et al., 2020). It is specific to the Irish context but has wider international applicability. The monitoring recommendations include guidance on indicators to facilitate a more consistent and coherent approach at this SEA stage. The updates relate to clarifying some SEA monitoring requirements and to acknowledge the published revised national SEA Guidelines and the Development Plan Guidelines for Planning authorities, both published by the DHLGH in 2022. , The scope of the Al Source project is to determine the optimisation of state-of-the-art technologies that could offer potential in the reuse of bauxite residue to recover valuable elements., Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is an important European Directive that aims to help protect the environment and promote sustainable development, it does this by enabling environmental considerations in the preparation of plans and programmes. Public participation is mandatory under SEA providing an opportunity for knowledge co-creation but participation is generally limited worldwide. It provides a platform to facilitate stakeholders learning, co-design sustainable solutions and inform decision-making. The SEAWAY research project looked to address two practical challenges in SEA implementation, the need for effective public participation and the need for strong key performance indicators to measure SEA effectiveness. This research delivers guidance notes on both public participation and a robust KPI framework to measure SEA effectiveness, in addition to training and video resources for use by planners, government departments and consultants undertaking SEA for public bodies., Report on a background study for the National Spatial Strategy, Developing a suitable methodology in SEAs of development plans and programmes in Ireland, This research project aimed to develop an SEA (Strategic Environmental Assessment) methodology for the successful implementation of the SEA Directive., Identifies key links between sizes of settlements and their sustainability., Meeting immediate needs of National Spatial Strategy, STRIVE 92: Brendan Williams & Sheila Convery, STRIVE 67 - Olaf Schmidt, Aidan M. Keith, Julio Arroyo, Tom Bolger, Bas Boots, John Breen, Nicholas Clipson, Fiona M. Doohan, Christine T. Griffin, Christina Hazard and Robin Niechoj, Summary of Findings: STRIVE 67, STRIVE 76 - Florence Renou-Wilson, Tom Bolger, Craig Bullock, Frank Convery, Jim Curry, Shane Ward, David Wilson and Christoph Müller, STRIVE 75, Florence Renou-Wilson, Tom Bolger, Craig Bullock, Frank Convery, Jim Curry, Shane Ward, David Wilson, Christoph Müller, epa environmental protection agency, Sustainable Management of Peatlands in Ireland-Final Report, BOGLAND,, STRIVE 38 - Stephen Boyle and Thomae Kakouli-Duarte, STRIVE 58 - Michael H.B. Hayes, Corinna J.M.P. Byrne, Julieta A. Ferreira, Etelvino H. Novotny, Guixue Song, STRIVE 35 - G. Kiely et al., Final report for the ERTDI-funded project 2005-FS-32, Quantification of the components of the carbon budget at farm scale, Final report for the ERTDI-funded project 2000-LS-3.2.4-M2, Final report for the ERTDI-funded project 2005-S-DS-22-M1, ERTDI Report 69 - D. Fay et al., Report on a background study for the National Spatial Strategy, Research project to meet the requirements of Environmental Noise Directive. The primary aim of the project is to establish baseline data for Quiet Areas in Ireland., Developing a suitable methodology in SEAs of development plans and programmes in Ireland, This research project aimed to develop an SEA (Strategic Environmental Assessment) methodology for the successful implementation of the SEA Directive., Identifies key links between sizes of settlements and their sustainability., Meeting immediate needs of National Spatial Strategy, STRIVE 98: John Connolly and Nicholas Holden, In 2010 the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Transport and National Transport Authority commissioned this feasibility study into a national transport model for Ireland., STRIVE Report 118 - Gerard Kiely et al, This research fellowship has applied a number of geophysical techniques in conjunction with conventional approaches, to a number of areas of concern in relation to threats to Irish Soils., This research fellowship has applied a number of geophysical techniques in conjunction with conventional approaches, to a number of areas of concern in relation to threats to Irish Soils., The overall objective of the Irish Soil Information System project was to conduct a programme of structured research into the national distribution of soil types and construct a soil map, at 1:250,000 scale, which would identify and describe the soils according to a consistent national legend., The overall objective of the Irish Soils Information System project was to conduct a programme of structured research into the national distribution of soil types and construct a soil map, at 1:250,000 scale, which would identify and describe the soils according to a consistent national legend., The objectives of this desk study were to review the current EU and Irish legislations, policies and available data which assess or encompass soil protection issues for Ireland., This Guide accompanies Research 178A: Quantitative Evaluation of Settlement Sustainability Policy, This report explains a method and decision support tool designed to aid Local Authorities and communities in prioritising policies which benefit the environment and are appropriate for their circumstances., This report has synthesised the soil profile descriptions taken as part of the Irish Soil Information System project and developed a range of soil property maps to provide users with generalised descriptions of a range of soil properties which are relevant to soil science research and soil management advice in Ireland. The property maps include; soil texture, soil depth, soil pH, soil bulk density and soil carbon., Research Report 200 detailing the Health and Water Quality Impacts Arising from Land Spreading of Biosolids, The primary objective of this literature review was to collate and assess the available literature on the environmental impact of cattle access to watercourses, with an emphasis on empirical research that is directly relevant to the environmental effects., Land use and land use change have a significant impact on national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and are therefore an integral part of national GHG reporting, as laid out by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In Ireland, land use and land use change reporting is currently based on total national agricultural area data provided by the Central Statistics Office., Review of recent international literature on environmental impacts of the transport sector and on the integration of environmental considerations into transport planning and operations, Economic and non-economic approaches to assessing environmental effects. , Background levels of metal(loid)s coupled with anthropogenic sources may lead to increased levels of certain metal(loid)s in soil, leading to potential uptake by plants. This study develops a source–pathway–receptor conceptual model for metal(loid)s in environmental media. The study presents an approach that can be extended to further evaluate pollutants and their environment–health interactions., Landscape character assessment (LCA) describes variation in the character of the landscape and elements and identifies the features that make landscapes unique. The Reframe LCA project identified the absence of a coherent policy approach when it comes to LCA in Ireland and a lack of baseline information at national and regional scales. This makes it difficult to describe and assess landscape character and creates an inconsistent approach to landscape planning and management across scales and between authorities. The project developed a comprehensive, step-by-step toolkit and a training module to support stakeholders, including state bodies, local authorities and community groups, in undertaking comprehensive LCAs at different scales across Ireland. It aims to support national policy objectives, including those related to mitigation of and adaption to climate change, the agricultural and energy sectors, forestry and transport, National Landscape Strategy & National Planning Framework. , Final Report from ERTDI-funded project: 2004-SD-DS-12-M2, Final Report for ERTDI-funded project: 2000-DS-6-M1, Synthesis report from the ERTDI-funded project: 2001-MS-SE1-M1, Final report from the ERTDI-funded project: 2001-MS-SE1-M1, Final report from the ERTDI-funded project: 2001-MS-SE1-M1, Final report from the ERTDI-funded project: 2001-MS-SE1-M1, ERTDI Report 80 - Sheila Flanagan et al., ERTDI Report 70 - David Styles and Michael Jones, STRIVE Report 1 - Cathy Maguire and Robin Curry, STRIVE Report 2 - Richard Moles & Bernadette O'Regan, ERTDI Report 74 - Bullock et al., STRIVE Report 18 - Margaret Desmond, STRIVE Report 13 - B. O'Regan & R. Moles, STRIVE Report 17 - Frances Fahy, Practitioner’s Guide - STRIVE Report 17, STRIVE 19 - B. O'Regan & R. Moles, Guide to Establishing an Eco-Industrial Network - STRIVE Report 17, STRIVE Report 25 - Gearóid Ó Riain and Tim McCarthy, STRIVE Report 47 - Seán Lyons and Richard S.J. Tol, STRIVE Report 44 - Mark Scott et al., STRIVE Report 41 - G. Mullally et al., STRIVE Report 86 - Michael Ewing, Alison Hough and Magnus Amajirionwu, STRIVE Report 92 - Brendan Williams and Sheila Convery, STRIVE Report 103 - John Curtis et al., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 103, The CONSENSUS research project conducted foundational and exploratory research to establish the parameters of debates and actions within the field internationally and across Ireland., ECORISK had the objective of exploring methods whereby the valuation of social and economic impacts could be used to supplement established methods of environmental damage assessment for the purposes of remediation., Research Report 220 on Financial Incentives to Promote Citizen Investment in Low-carbon and Resource-efficient Assets, Decoupling economic growth from environmental quality is an imperative for Ireland, as with other modern developed economies. Not only has economic growth been linked with environmental sustainability impacts, but more recently social sustainability has also been highlighted in terms of its relationship to, and impacts from, the economy., This research critically reviewed community interventions and sustainable-behaviour change programmes identifying drivers (enablers) adopted by those interventions. The aim was to distinguish key characteristics of success while also identifying barriers to sustainable transition and change., Sustainable consumption and production demands behaviour changes. Policymakers and regulators already apply a range of interventions and incentives with a view to changing individual and organisational behaviour. This includes fiscal incentives, subsidies, pricing mechanisms and market-based instruments, standards, eco-labels and communication, business support programmes and curriculum development., In relation to experimentation with, and demonstration of, novel management approaches and technologies designed to enhance sustainability, higher education institution (HEI) campuses have been identified as ideal testing grounds, as they embrace a diverse population and act as a microcosm of wider society, and control space for demonstration projects., This desktop research project explores ways to advance understanding of the values and motivations that influence sustainable consumption behaviour in Irish society., The EPIIC (Environmental Policy Integration: Innovation and Change) project explored the relevance of environmental policy integration (EPI) for Irish environmental governance. EPI involves bringing environmental concerns into all other policy sectors, notably into agriculture, energy and transport., The environmental compliance and enforcement landscape has evolved significantly over the last number of decades, with policy and legislation serving as a key driver. The nuances and complexities of compliance and enforcement have also evolved, as they now require a better understanding of the barriers and challenges, drivers and incentives, and the behavioural and contextual factors at play among regulated communities., The ultimate objective of environmental regulation is the prevention and reduction of environmental harm from pollution, habitat loss and resource depletion. The findings from this research provide an update of current practices and recent changes introduced in some jurisdictions., The need to involve voluntary communities at local level in the implementation of successful sustainable development programmes to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is widely recognised. This research identified 36 Irish communities that were, or were actively planning to be, involved in local-scale action to enhance sustainability. Six of the 36 were selected for this research project., The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a call for change – a change to how we live, work, think and interact, both with each other and with our environment, to protect and secure our future and the future of the planet. This report captures the key recurring themes from Ireland’s engagement to date with the seven environmental SDGs and its role in supporting the private sector to deliver impactful contributions to these SDGs., Plastic has become a ubiquitous material globally. Research quantifying the amount of plastic in the environment has prompted calls for action to tackle the use of this problem material. Aiming to reduce individual plastic consumption, this research revealed practical barriers to behaviour change including a lack of easy access to plastic-free options, the cost of plastic-free shopping and a lack of information on plastic-free options., This study set out to catalyse the sustainability transition of communities using the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework. The research had a branded, public-facing campaign, Spark Change (www.sparkchange.ie), which recruited communities to an SDG challenge, effectively asking and supporting them to progress their sustainability transition and related SDG actions., This research project assesses the potential for novel cultural practices to communicate environmental data and issues to the public in Ireland against the backdrop of local and international environmental pressures. It makes recommendations towards developing solutions to the communication of environmental data to publics and developed a solution in the form of an online database of novel cultural practices., The Public Participation Networks (PPNs) were established through the 2014 Local Government Reform Act in order to “provide a mechanism by which citizens can have a greater say in local government decisions which affect their own communities”. This report presents the findings from an action research project in which a toolkit to develop visions of community wellbeing was co-designed with four PPNs., Analyses the effects of the introduction of a carbon tax in order to see how it would affect different households. The report focuses especially on vulnerable households., Examines the implementation of a fertiliser tax as an incentive to farmers to apply fertilisers more sensitively with the objective of reducing contamination., Examines the proposal for a tax applied on the carbon content of all forms of energy consumed in Ireland., Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs) aim to identify and mitigate environmental impacts resulting from the implementation of plans and programmes before they are adopted. This research was based on a literature review, interviews with 28 international and Irish experts, and a review of 19 Irish case studies. The research identified a range of good practice approaches to impact assessment tiering, which can be summarised as better communication between SEA and EIA practitioners., This Guidance on SEA-EIA Tiering aims to improve the links between SEA and EIA, using a range of good practice examples. It focuses on improving communication between SEA and EIA: getting SEA practitioners to write SEAs with EIAs in mind, and EIA practitioners to refer to SEAs in their EIA Reports. It also identifies institutional issues that can set a context which restricts tiering, including ‘silo assessment’, lack of training, and restrictive legal requirements. , Consumer behaviour represents acts or decisions that influence the direction of production and consumption activities, which are, in turn, driven by household and, ultimately, economic activities. This research investigated the linkages between habits and norms that drive behavioural attitudes and preferences, and how consumers’ socio-economic background, community, beliefs, etc. are identified as the driving factors of consumer behaviour and waste patterns., The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development require governments to take ownership and establish frameworks for the achievement of the 17 global goals. Ireland has mapped existing policies and programmes against each of the 169 SDG sub targets, setting out a roadmap for achieving the goals. CoDesRes developed and explored a series of proof-of-concept methods and from this created two toolkits. As interventions, the toolkits (community peer-to-peer learning and place-based STEAM education) localise the implementation of the SDGs and offer insights into adaptive opportunities to engage the public., Nature continues to be degraded globally. Despite our societies and economies depending on it, we often ignore or undervalue this degradation. To bring nature into everyday decision-making, the natural capital approach deliberately uses the language of business and economics. In this context, nature can be thought of as an array of stocks of natural assets, incorporating biodiversity, air, water and geology. The condition of these stocks influences the flow of goods and services, and the benefits that our societies and economies derive from these assets. This EPA Research Report provides insights into the development of natural capital accounts at the catchment scale in Ireland. It aims to provide a comprehensive view of the stocks of natural capital assets and the flows of services, along with guidance on how to scale-up the process to national level. , The need for transformational climate adaptation that moves beyond the business-as-usual approach currently employed by a large majority of governments is becoming increasingly evident as the environmental, social and economic benefits of early and proactive adaptation are observed. The pressures of climate change require society-wide ownership of adaptation. However, for this to happen, all voices need to be represented in decision-making throughout the adaptation process. An assessment of the national climate adaptation policies of the five jurisdictions of Ireland and the UK was conducted to identify barriers and enabling conditions for adaptation in each of the jurisdictions. , Green Public Procurement (GPP) is acknowledged nationally and at EU level as a key policy lever in improving sustainability. This Green Public Procurement: Analysis and Support (GAPS) project led by a team in University of Galway examined factors that limit public sector uptake of green procurement and developed tools to facilitate its implementation. Using expert surveys, case studies, and workshops, the research found that unclear criteria, limited training, governance constraints and low supplier readiness impede adoption, while standardised criteria, strong mandates, capacity building, and market incentives can drive progress. Key outputs included a carbon footprint calculator covering Scope 1–3 emissions and a searchable GPP case study finder. The findings and recommendations provide a clear pathway for Irish public sector organisations, offering scalable approaches needed to enhance Ireland’s GPP performance., Developing a methodology for identifying and undertaking risk assessments of sites where waste disposal or recovery activities have been carried on and implementing the necessary measures to prevent or limit any associated environmental pollution., Findings of the research project Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour: Values, Actions and Waste Management, A synthesis of the findings of the research project Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour: Values, Actions and Waste Management, Aims to develop the specification for a software tool that could facilitate a process of benchmarking and internal development of an environmental management system among IPC licensees, in addition to assisting electronic reporting., Project to develop methodology for determining the waste character of non-household municipal waste nationally., Report developed as part of the medium-scale project: Assessment and Evaluation of Outlets for Materials that can be Recovered from Municipal Waste (2000-MS-8-M1)., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 97, List of Sustainable Environment Projects funded by EPA Research Programme since 2007., STRIVE Report 74 - Siobhán N. Jordan, Laura B. Holland and Suzanne U. Linnane, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 74, Author : Dr. Mary Purcell, Cork Institute of Technology, STRIVE Report 84 - Abigail O’Callaghan-Platt and Tadhg Coakley, STRIVE Report 72 - Martina McGuinness and David Dowling, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 72, ERC Report 16 - David Styles and Michael B. Jones, STRIVE Report 34 - Leon Barron et al., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 34, STRIVE Report 40 - Sarah Miller et al., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 40, STRIVE Report 26 - Mark Kelly and John Hanahoe, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 22, STRIVE Report 22 - M. Prasad & P. Foster, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 16, STRIVE Report 16 - B. Guinan et al., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 11, STRIVE Report 11 - Carmel Carey et al., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 10, STRIVE Report 10 - Abigail O’Callaghan-Platt and Anna Davies, STRIVE Report 9 - Abigail O’Callaghan-Platt and Anna Davies, Final Report for the ERTDI-funded project 2005-WRM-DS-23, by Carmel Carey, Warren Phelan & Conall Boland, Interim Report for the ERTDI-funded project 2005-WRM-MS-33, by A. O'Callaghan-Platt & A. Davies, Final report for the ERTDI project 2001-LS-FW2-M1 by Julian Marchesi, Niall O’Leary, Jill Kirby, Margaret Toomey and Alan Dobson, A first attempt at generating material flow accounts (MFAs) for Ireland., A first attempt at generating material flow accounts (MFAs) for Ireland. Identifies methodologies, as well as major data gaps for the future production of such accounts., Synthesis report of ERTDI-funded project: 2000-MS-11-M2, Final report of ERTDI-funded project: 2000-MS-11-M2, Developing a framework for Ireland's waste prevention policies and programmes, Collection trials in five locations throughout Ireland in order to characterise and quantify WEEE arisings, and to examine outlets for collected WEEE., Developing a definitive methodology to guide holders of waste through categorisation of waste, and which could also be used by regulators in making a determination., Aims to develop the specification for a software tool that could facilitate a process of benchmarking and internal development of an environmental management system among IPC licensees, in addition to assisting electronic reporting., Developing a framework for Ireland's waste prevention policies and programmes, Report developed as part of the medium scale project: Assessment and Evaluation of Outlets for Materials that can be Recovered from Municipal Waste (2000-MS-8-M1). Other deliverables related to this project include a report: A Strategy for Developing Recycling Markets in Ireland and Fact Sheets on each material waste stream., This report provides guidance on the beneficial use of dredge material in Ireland. It provides information on dredge material characterisation, best international practice in dredge material management, a summary of current practice in Ireland and guidance on the relevant governing legislation., Reuse is considered as a potential building block towards achieving more sustainable consumption of electrical and electronic equipment, covering environmental, economic and social dimensions., Summary of findings for STRIVE 110 - 'RE-Evaluate - Re-use of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Evaluation and Mainstreaming)', This project looks at new methods to safely and cheaply recycle LCD screens, This project looks at new methods to safely and cheaply recycle LCD screens., The purpose of this study was to assess the current situation in Ireland and elsewhere with regard to resource efficiency and to recommend how, by the development of a roadmap, Irish performance could be improved., This study has moved the focus towards the top of the waste hierarchy by investigating the implementation of waste reduction strategies during the design and construction phases of two selected case studies, through a close collaboration with Scott Tallon Walker Architects and John Sisk & Son., This study has moved the focus towards the top of the waste hierarchy by investigating the implementation of waste reduction strategies during the design and construction phases of two selected case studies, through a close collaboration with Scott Tallon Walker Architects and John Sisk & Son., This project identifies novel technologies for environmental enforcement to support local authorities., Research Report 173 detailing The Characterisation of Dairy Waste and the Potential of Whey for Industrial Fermentation, Using a range of data sources including census data, historical WEEE audits and comprehensive sampling this project employed material flow analysis and statistical methods (Weibull Probability Density Function) to estimate future return rates of historical WEEE., This report examines issues surrounding non-sustainable plastic production, use and disposal and highlights the challenges associated with limited commercial uptake of wholly biodegradable polymers., This report is a Review of Waste/Resource Exchange Systems and Good Practice Guide, This report is a Material Reuse Good Practice Guide for anyone interested in extending the life-cycle of their items, Research Report 201 detailing the Investigation of Liquid Crystal Displays as a Source of Indium, This report provides a range of recommendations aimed at supporting preparation for re-use of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) that will support the extension and development of this activity in Ireland., The Towards Land Cover Accounting and Monitoring (TaLAM) project is part of Ireland’s response to creating a national land cover mapping programme. Its aims are to demonstrate how the new digital map of Ireland, Prime2, from Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI), can be combined with satellite imagery to produce land cover maps., This study explored human behaviour in relation to small WEEE recycling through 26 in-depth interviews with 30 participants; observations and casual conversations at a civic amenity site and waste collection event; and participant observation at 25 retailers. The study proposes a multi-pronged approach to social marketing campaigns with the aim of increasing participation in small WEEE recycling., The purpose of this desk study was to identify and examine the most important manufacturing and service sectors from environmental and economic perspectives and from the perspective of potential for improvement in resource efficiency., Recent research has demonstrated the presence of restricted persistent organic pollutant (POP) brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in items such as children’s toys and food contact articles. As the presence of these contaminants in such items serves no useful purpose, they are thought to originate from the use of recycled plastics that were originally treated with BFRs., AgriBenchmark explored the possibilities for benchmarking of nutrient management performance on Irish farms. Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) data (2008–2015; 1446 farms) was used to characterise and explore the potential for improvement of farm nutrient management performance and resultant aspects of environmental and economic sustainability through the derivation of three key performance indicators., Ireland’s renewable energy targets for 2020 include 16% renewable energy; this can be broken down to 40% renewable electricity, 12% renewable heat and 10% renewable transport. Owing to the commercialisation of wind energy, the progression of carbon-free electricity generation is under way; however, this is not the case for heat and transport., Food waste is a global problem that has environmental, social and economic consequences. According to the hierarchy of waste management, prevention is the most favourable action to take when trying to manage food waste. The commercial sector, which refers to food wholesale, retail and service, accounts for 17% of food waste in European countries., Substantial environmental costs result from infant feeding decisions, not only regarding milks, foods and equipment purchased, but also regarding disposal of plastics, packaging and food waste. Existing infant feeding policies and waste management guidance do not address the disposal and waste aspects., The LCDVal project aimed to illustrate the potential indium value contained in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) accessible via recovery techniques, therefore turning liquid crystal panel waste fractions into a resource for critical raw materials., The filling of teeth is one of the most routine and common tasks undertaken by dentists. Because of the availability of community fluoridation and improved dental care, Irish adults have fewer missing teeth; however, they have more teeth with fillings., Information and communication technology (ICT) devices contain critical raw materials. The TriREUSE project aimed to provide an insight into possible reuse rates for WEEE collections that target consumer ICT products with reuse potential. The project involved a series of 10 dedicated collection events that encouraged people to dispose of old or unwanted data-bearing devices, with the incentive of a free data destruction service., Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is the fastest growing waste stream in Europe. This research provides insight into consumer and business behaviours towards WEEE, particularly regarding how key decisions are made around WEEE disposal. This research determined a hybrid approach to WEEE target setting should be explored, using data available to Ireland and using aspects of the WEEE Calculation Tool., In Ireland, there are no national end-of-waste criteria for compost and digestate derived from source-separated materials. This study developed a quality standard for digestate and an updated standard for compost, it also recommends a strategy on how Ireland should implement national end-of-waste criteria for compost and digestate. It also examined best practice in other countries and options for having end-of-waste criteria., The project examined a potential solution to some aspects of the problem of slurry disposal from large-scale intensive pig units., In Ireland, organic “fines” residue, derived from the separation of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants, are currently processed for disposal as wastes. The Valorisation of Composted Organic Fines and Sewage Sludge Using Pyrolysis project (OF-PYR) investigated the potential of slow pyrolysis as a technology for their treatment as an alternative to other disposal options., The overall aim of the project was to develop, demonstrate and test an innovative, practical and cost effective treatment system for poultry litter, and to minimise and abate the impact of land spreading., Final Report (ERTDI Report 54) of the ERTDI-funded project 2000-DS-6-M1, by Sue Scott and Dorothy Watson (ESRI), The key goal of this document was to formulate a national strategy to develop adequate, stable and reliable PBMW-compost market and non-market outlets, Mine waste storage facilities can generate significant quantities of wastewaters and leachates with extreme pH and elevated metal contents. Modern mine waste (tailings) facilities operating under licence from the EPA have constructed wetlands as a component of their Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) licences. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for treating mine waters from different settings over time frames of several years., Recent EU legislation aims to strengthen reuse in all Member States and asks Member States to measure reuse, with the option of setting national targets in the future. By gathering information on the scale and size of the reuse sector in Ireland, we can benchmark and compare our reuse sector against others. This study assessed the capability of the Irish reuse sector to supply the data necessary for quantifying the extent of reuse in Ireland and informing Irish policymakers on the steps required to support the sector to report in the future., Food waste in Ireland has been estimated at 1.1 million tonnes per year, but this excluded farming, fishing and aquaculture (i.e. primary production), as there were no data on these sectors. This research has quantified and understood food waste in primary production and is a starting point in identifying areas that need addressing. The project has compiled various options for solutions available to tackle the specific food waste issues occurring in Ireland., This research provides enforcement authorities with viable options to use cost effective technological tools to quickly detect and react to industrial and waste crime. , The development of a methodology for identifying water-dependent habitats and hence protected areas with such habitats. It recorded these sites in digital form within a combined database and mapping system and recorded the water-dependent habitats and the species they contain., A desk study to develop a practical methodology for the assessment of river morphological conditions in Irish rivers, which takes account of the guidance from the Water Framework Directive implementation activities of the European Commission, national expertise and other forms of international best practice., The results from four separate field trials at separate sites covering a range of different subsoil types, whereby two sites were discharging septic tank effluent into conventional percolation areas and the other two were discharging secondary treated effluent from a peat filter into similar percolation areas., Identifies and reviews many situations where mathematical modelling can be a useful tool to assist in the understanding of hydrological and chemical transport and processes that occur in catchments, and the ecological response to anthropogenic alterations that affect them., A survey of 50 sites previously classified as high quality by the EPA, to determine whether they were of high ecological status (and thus could be used as reference conditions) and to use these spatial reference sites to develop the river typology for the Water Framework Directive., A study that asks whether Irish rivers contain estrogenic compounds. If so, at what concentrations? Are these levels likely to pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems, particularly wild fish? Is there a risk to drinking water supplies?, A study to quantify the total number and biomass of zebra mussels and to assess any changes to the population during the course of the study. Relevant water parameters and phytoplankton samples were analysed; direct ecological changes were also noted during the project., Report on the use of modelling non-point phosphorus loss from rural catchments in terms of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives. The study focuses on physically based catchment-scale models which to date have not been applied to model phosphorus losses in Ireland., Assesses the environmental impacts of road run-off including a review of existing practice in road drainage design and maintenance for rural dual carriageways and motorways in Ireland and the assessment of any environmental impacts of such run-off., Identifies and reviews many situations where mathematical modelling can be a useful tool to assist in the understanding of hydrological and chemical transport and processes that occur in catchments, and the ecological response to anthropogenic alterations that affect them., The principal aim of this project was to develop a methodology for the derivation of the natural background quality for Irish groundwater bodies (it was not the intention to determine the composition of pristine groundwater bodies). International groundwater characterisation methodologies were also reviewed., Project looking primarily at surface freshwater resources and the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals from wastewater treatment works, Project looking primarily at surface freshwater resources and the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from wastewater treatment works, Review of literature, A study that asks whether Irish rivers contain estrogenic compounds. If so, at what concentrations? Are these levels likely to pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems, particularly wild fish? Is there a risk to drinking water supplies?, Synthesis Report of ERTDI-funded project: 2000-FS-2-M1, Final Report of ERTDI-funded project: 2000-FS-2-M1, ERTDI Report 57 - (Gary Free et al) - Synthesis Report from the ERTDI-funded project: 2002-W-FS-1-M1, Final Report of ERTDI-funded project: 2002-W-FS-1-M1 (Free et al.), Synthesis Report of the ERTDI-funded project: 2002-W-MS-17, Final Report for the ERTDI-funded project 2002-W-MS-17 (D. Taylor et al.), Synthesis Report of the ERTDI-funded project 2000-LS-2.3-M2, Final Report of the ERTDI-funded project 2000-LS-2.3.1.1-M2, Final Report of the ERTDI-funded project 2000-LS-2.3.1.1-M2, Final Report of the ERTDI-funded project 2000-LS-2.3.1.1-M2, Final Report of the ERTDI-funded project 2000-LS-2.3.1.2-M2, Final Report of the ERTDI-funded project 2000-LS-2.3.1.3-M2, Final Report for the ERTDI funded-project 2000-LS-2.1.2-M2 - This report is a synthesis of the findings from the 3 sub-projects., ERTDI Report 67 - Synthesis report from the ERTDI-funded project 2005-W-DS-24-M1 (W. Sheate & S. Bennett), Final report from the ERTDI-funded project 2005-W-DS-24-M1 (W. Sheate & S. Bennett), SEA, WFD, EPA, Synthesis Report for the ERTDI-funded project 2002-W-DS-8-M1 (S. Tynan et al), Final Report for the ERTDI-funded project 2002-W-DS-8-M1 (S. Tynan et al), Final Report from the ERTDI-funded project: 2000-LS-2.1.2-M2 - H. Tunney et al, Synthesis Report for the project: 2000-LS-2.1-M2. Authors: G. Kiely, G.Morgan; R.Moles, P. Byrne; P. Jordan; K. Daly, D. Doody, H. Tunney, I. Kurz, D. Bourke, C. O’Reilly; D. Ryan; N. Holden; E. Jennings, K. Irvine; O. Carton., Synthesis Report for the project: 2000-LS-2.1.1a-M2. Authors: Gerard Kiely, Gerard Morgan, Xie Quishi, Richard Moles, Paul Byrne, Bernadette O’Regan, Philip Jordan and Wayne Manary, Synthesis Report for the project: 2000-MS-4-M1. Authors: Fiona Kelly, Trevor Champ, Neasa McDonnell, Mary Kelly-Quinn, Simon Harrison, Alison Arbuthnott, Paul Giller, Mike Joy, Kieran McCarthy, Paula Cullen, Chris Harrod, Phil Jordan, David Griffiths and Robert Rosell, Synthesis Report for the project: 2000-LS-2.2.1-M2. Authors: W. Magette, R. Hallissey, K. Hughes, E. Cosgrove, Final Report for the project: 2000-LS-2.2.1-M2. Authors: W. Magette, R. Hallissey, K. Hughes, E. Cosgrove, Synthesis Report for the project: 2000-LS-3.2.2-M2. Authors: Ján Machava, Olive McCabe, Philip O'Dea,Raquel Cabral and Edward P. Farrell, Integrated Report for the project: 2000-LS-2-M2. Authors: O.T. Carton, H. Tunney, K. Daly, M. Ryan, I. Kurz, D. Doody, D. Bourke, G. Kiely, G. Morgan, R. Moles, P. Jordan, D. Ryan, K. Irvine, E. Jennings, W.L. Magette, M. Bruen, J. Mulqueen, M. Rodgers, P. Johnston and P. Bartley, Final Report for the project: 2000-LS-2.1.2c-M2. Authors: D. Bourke; D. Jeffrey; P. Dowding; I. Kurz; and H. Tunney, STRIVE Report 6 - Bruce Misstear and Les Brown, STRIVE Report 7 - Cusack et al., The PRB Research Fellowship project represented Ireland's participation in the European Commission DG-ENV led initiative to test implementation of the WFD in a network of fifteen pilot river basins as part of the EC Common Implementation Strategy (CIS)., ERC Report 12 - Garrett Kilroy et al., The purpose of this study was to develop an improved understanding of the origin (natural and anthropogenic), fate and transport of phosphorus as it moves through the soil, unsaturated zone, saturated zone and hyporheic zone to discharge in rivers, lakes or wetlands., STRIVE Report 28 - Laurence Gill et al., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 28, STRIVE Report 42 - Solène Connan and Dagmar B. Stengel, STRIVE Report 59- Catherine Dalton, Eleanor Jennings, David Taylor, Barry O’Dwyer, Sarah Murnaghan, Kim Bosch, Elvira de Eyto, epa, environmental protection agency, STRIVE 59, STRIVE Report 60 - Michael M. Sturt, Christian K. Dang, Marcel A.K. Jansen and Simon S.C. Harrison, STRIVE Report 54 - M. Bruen, M. Kelly, W. Magette, E. Gaffey, K. Kochanek, S. Bryan and R. Hallissey, STRIVE Report 56 - M. Archbold, M. Bruen, J. Deakin, D. Doody, R. Flynn, M. Kelly-Quinn, B. Misstear and U. Ofterdinger, ERC Report 18 - Ahmed Elssidig Nasr and Michael Bruen, Summary of Findings - ERC Report 17, STRIVE Report 83 - Caitriona Maguire, Kevin Gallagher, Christine Maggs, STRIVE Report 88 - Nicolas Touzet, List of Water Projects funded by EPA Research Programme between 2007 and 2013., STRIVE Report 91 - David Taylor, Yvonne McElarney, Sheila Greene, Chris Barry, Bob Foy, Phil Jordan, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 91, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Interim Report 96, STRIVE Interim Report 96 - Joanne O’Brien, Suzanne Beck, Simon Berrow and Ian O’Connor, STRIVE Report 94 - Daniel Norton, Stephen Hynes, Edel Doherty, Cathal Buckley, Danny Campbell & Mavra Stithou, EPA leaflet highlighting Irish involvement with European Joint Programming Initative on 'Water – Challenges for a Changing World', Achievements of FP7, Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 100, Evaluates the efficacy of the Sodium Dominance Index (SDI) approach to site designation under Irish conditions. The water chemistry of 257 sites across Ireland were examined during base flow. A further 65 sites were sampled at base and elevated flow, and more detailed hydrological events were monitored at a smaller number of sites., Assesses the environmental impacts of road run-off, including a review of existing practice in road drainage design and maintenance for rural dual carriageways and motorways in Ireland, and the assessment of any environmental impacts of such run-off., Report on the use of modelling non-point phosphorus loss from rural catchments in terms of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives. The study focuses on physically based catchment-scale models which to date have not been applied to model phosphorus losses in Ireland., This study aims to quantify the total number and biomass of zebra mussels and assess changes to the population during the course of the study. Relevant water parameters and phytoplankton samples were analysed; direct ecological changes were also noted during the project., A study that asks whether Irish rivers contain estrogenic compounds. If so, at what concentrations? Are these levels likely to pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems, particularly wild fish? Is there a risk to drinking water supplies?, Identifies and reviews many situations where mathematical modelling can be a useful tool to assist in the understanding of hydrological and chemical transport and processes that occur in catchments, and the ecological response to anthropogenic alterations that affect them., Summary of Findings - STRIVE Report 105, STRIVE Report 105 - Samuel Shephard, David G. Reid, Deirdre Brophy, Rick Officer and Ian O’Connor, Dr Donata Dubber and Dr Laurence Gill - Water saving technologies to reduce water consumption and wastewater production in Irish households, Water research projects funded by EPA since 2007., Recent advances in remote sensing provide an affordable tool with which to evaluate contamination of coastal waters from Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD)., This project represents an important collaboration between two research centres (Dublin City University and Cork Institute of Technology) with analytical expertise, and three councils (Fingal, Cork and Dublin Councils), building capability to establish risk factors for PSs and PHSs., This project looks at the effect of waste waster discharges containing Norovirus on shellfish, Sources of anthropogenic (man-made) ocean noise include noise emitted from activities such as shipping, seismic surveying, geophysical surveying, construction, oil drilling and production, dredging, sonar systems, acoustic deterrents and most recently from the construction and operation of renewable energy platforms. Anthropogenic ocean noise can elicit a range of physical, physiological and behavioural effects on marine animals., Sources of anthropogenic (man-made) ocean noise include noise emitted from activities such as shipping, seismic surveying, geophysical surveying, construction, oil drilling and production, dredging, sonar systems, acoustic deterrents and most recently from the construction and operation of renewable energy platforms., This project looks at the effect of waste waster discharges containing Norovirus on shellfish, This project looks at mapping the effects of noise generated by humans on the marine environment, This project looks at mapping the effects of noise generated by humans on the marine environment, This project looked at developing early warnings systems for safety issues in drinking water plants, This report looks at options for managing sludge from septic tanks, Research Report 127 Dr Stephen Hynes NUIG, The overall aim was to increase Ireland’s capacity for the generation of integrated monitoring of biological effects and chemical measurement data and for the completion of a pilot scale assessment of the quality of the Irish marine environment at a number of selected locations., One of the main objectives of this research was to examine public attitudes towards water quality related issues and the importance that the general public places on these compared with other potential environment issues., The research described herein sets out to develop polymer-coated, membrane-based technologies that could be used to detect organic contaminants, nitrates or heavy metals, namely chromium and copper, in aqueous systems. The membranes were modified so as to investigate their potential in the required sensing capacity., The aim of this study was to determine if a novel PUV system provides a suitable means of disinfecting water, with particular emphasis on parasite species., A summary of the EPA Water Research Programme, key achievements, water research publications and water research projects funded 2014-2020., The EU Water Framework Directive aims to protect and enhance the quality of rivers, lakes, groundwater, estuaries and coastal waters. Member States (MS), such as Ireland, must aim to achieve good status in all waters by 2015 and ensure that status does not decline. As part of this commitment, MS must assess and classify the quality of transitional and coastal waters., This study provides an overview of practical examples of public engagement and makes recommendations in an effort to contribute to the quest to determine viable, practicable and effective engagement techniques to secure meaningful participation by the public in the attainment of essential aquatic and biodiversity goals., The potential impacts of incorrectly situated or poorly constructed domestic waste water treatment systems (DWWTSs) include the pollution of either groundwater and/or surface water and places a risk on human health particularly via private wells., This report is the Literature Review of the Rare Type project, which will help ensure that rare river types are categorised and assessed correctly as required by the Water Framework Directive., The synthesis report for the PATHWAYS project., Precipitation that reaches the earth’s surface can infiltrate into the ground to become groundwater. Groundwater is subsurface water that fully saturates pores or cracks in soil and rocks. While an important source of freshwater globally, groundwater is also environmentally important as baseflow or low-water flow, which maintains river, stream and lake levels, as well as their associated ecosystems., The focus of this project was the resource efficiency of Irish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The perspective of the report is both operational (economic) and environmental. Wastewater treatment is a resource-intensive process, with three main resources being identified as those of greatest concern: energy, chemicals and water., Water is a limited and precious resource and is being consumed worldwide at unsustainable levels. It is therefore essential to place an economic value on this precious resource. In March 2007, the largest outbreak of cryptosporidiosis since surveillance began in Ireland occurred, and was associated with contamination of the water supply serving Galway City and surrounding areas., There is a need for a holistic vision and management to allow for the balance of social, economic and environmental interests and to ensure that maritime space and resources are used in a planned and sustainable manner., There is significant pressure to develop knowledge exchange (KE) processes that will facilitate the application of existing and new knowledge in order to deliver increased agricultural production efficiency and profitability while protecting natural capital including water., This study investigated the use of an alternative virus (FRNA bacteriophage) as a potential surrogate/model for norovirus behaviour., HYDROFOR is an EPA and DAFM-supported multi-sector co-operative project to investigate the impacts of forestry operations on Ireland's aquatic ecology., The overarching objective of the Towards Integrated Water Management (TIMe) Project was to connect science, policy, managers and local communities for the integrated management of Ireland's water resources to assist in delivering improvements in environmental status, water quality and water management., The objective of the current study was to develop a method to predict the ecological status of unmonitored lakes to fulfil the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD)., The ESManage Literature Review considers how the ecosystem services framework aligns with the objectives of current policy and legislation to inform management of freshwater resources., Review of Groundwater Level Data in the South Eastern River Basin District, Research report 184 Assessing Recent Trends in Nutrient Inputs to Estuarine Waters and Their Ecological Effect, Research report 191 - A Critical Analysis of Delivering Integrated Catchment Management through the Bottom-up Approach, Infographic based on Research Report 184, Research report 189 on Identification and evaluation of phosphorus recovery technologies, Research 194: AgImpact Project: A Systematic and Participatory Review of Research on the Impact of Agriculture on Aquatic Ecosystems in Ireland, This report provides an understanding of the state of research on three emerging aquatic pollutants of particular legislative importance, and demonstrates the need to protect our waterways from the severe anthropogenic pressure of chemical pollutants., The objective of this project is to harness the knowledge and tools required to embed an appreciation of ecosystem services and the ecosystems services approach into policy and decision-making for sustainable management of water resources, as required by the Water Framework Directive, This review summarises the key issues that affect the role of fine sediment in fluvial systems, with a focus on northern Europe, the UK and Ireland, which will be of most relevance to the SILTFLUX project., This report details Assessing and Developing Natural Background Levels for Chemical Parameters in Irish Groundwater, EPA Research 216 detailing Thermodynamic Modelling of Energy Recovery Options from Digestate at Wastewater Treatment Plants, Research 214 on the Suitability of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants for the Treatment of Landfill Leachate, Research Report 219 Characterising the Biological Communities of Rare River Types, The SILTFLUX project addressed three major objectives related to sediment pollution in rivers., The benefits and disservices received by people and ecosystems within catchments are called catchment services and disservices. Their delivery can be influenced by multiple factors including climate, legislative/policy and social (demographic) change., Ireland has an unacceptably high number of drinking water supplies that exceed the parametric value of 100 μg L-1 for total trihalomethanes (THMs) and has been reporting the highest non-compliance with respect to total THMs in drinking water across the 27 EU Member States., The objective of this research was to determine how water-based recreational activities in Ireland are affected by differences in water quality across recreational sites., This report provides a summary of the findings of the research on the design, development and testing of a novel drinking water treatment system using a combination of filtration and nanostructured composites for the removal of inorganic, organic and microbiological contaminants from water., This technical report demonstrates the data sources and methods that can be used to estimate the value of a number of coastal and marine ecosystem service benefits., In Ireland, most urban areas are drained by combined sewer systems, which convey wastewater and stormwater in a single pipe. During rainfall the capacity of combined sewers may be exceeded, leading to untreated discharges to receiving waters via storm water overflows (SWOs), which are a source of microbial pathogens., Passive sampling (PS) techniques are rapidly developing as very cost-effective state-of-the-art tools for identifying and measuring ultra-trace micropollutants in water., Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication can negatively impact on freshwater ecosystems, estuarine and coastal waters. As a result of improvements in nutrient management and regulation, there has been a large reduction in total phosphorus, total ammonia and total nitrogen emissions from Irish catchments in recent decades., This research project evaluated the impact of domestic wastewater treatment system (DWWTS) effluent as a health hazard to consumers of groundwater from private wells and also a source of nutrient water pollution to surface water in small catchments., This study has produced a set of guidelines for owners of septic tanks and packaged treatment systems to help to address the lack of understanding among homeowners of how their domestic wastewater treatment systems operate and to encourage responsible operation and maintenance., There are many variables which must be considered when designing and operating a wastewater treatment system. The key objectives of this research were to develop software tools to assist in the selection and management of wastewater treatment systems, with a specific focus on small wastewater treatment plants in Ireland., Following extensive desk research and a process of national and international consultation, this report captures key lessons for Ireland in relation to water stewardship and outlines an integrated roadmap towards establishing the country as a leader in the adoption of water stewardship best practice at both national and local levels in the years ahead., This report describes the application of numerical weather prediction (NWP) simulations to develop high-quality, long-term, gridded climate datasets of hydro-climate variables for Ireland, covering the period 1981–2016., The Sea-MAT project aimed to understand the role of local environmental conditions in the development of green tides in Ireland., This project reviewed the current state of the art with respect to Phosphorus (P) removal and recycling, assessed the potential of novel removal and recovery systems, and facilitated an All Island Phosphorus Sustainability Workshop., This project addresses water reuse in the context of the circular economy in Ireland. This study has reviewed the policy background for water reuse; assessed the international practices in water reuse; examined the main technologies that are used for water recovery and their suitability; and conducted significant stakeholder engagement, including the first national public survey on attitudes to water reuse in Ireland., This project developed a new online national WRI database by collaborating with the water research community in Ireland, using an interactive consultation and design process. It is a central database of information on all WRI in Ireland, including the types of WRI available for various research areas and applications, from the freshwater sector to the marine, climate and agriculture sectors., The ESManage project tested an eight-step methodological framework to help embed ecosystem services and the ecosystem services approach into policy and decision-making for the sustainable management of water resources, as required by the Water Framework Directive (WFD)., Coastal saltmarshes provide a range of important ecosystem services but face increasing challenges because of human activities. Ecological assessments of saltmarshes are required to inform reporting in compliance with the European Union (EU) Habitats Directive (HD) (92/43/EEC) and Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC)., Loss of pollutants from grassland systems to water bodies is a significant threat to water quality and represents one of the main environmental problems facing agri-ecosystems in Ireland. This project evaluated existing literature and generated temporal and spatial data on the environmental impact of cattle exclusion measures., Final Report of the ERTDI-funded project 2000-MS4-M1. Authors: Fiona Kelly, Trevor Champ, Neasa McDonnell, Mary Kelly-Quinn, Simon Harrison, Alison Arbuthnott, Paul Giller, Mike Joy, Kieran McCarthy, Paula Cullen, Chris Harrod, Phil Jordan, David Griffiths, and Robert Rosell., Investigates processes controlling phosphorus (P) loss in overland flow, to identify, describe and evaluate mechanisms responsible for this observed increase in dissolved P concentration with an increase in overland flow rate. , This project on soil P testing questions conventional sample depth, sample pre-treatment, choice of extractant and extract ratios against a background of dissolved reactive P (DRP) and suspended solids (SS) concentrations monitored from the same sample sites., An examination of the impact of soil chemical properties on P sorption and desorption, so that a risk assessment of P loss from soil types could be developed using identifiable soil chemical characteristics. , Study of phosphate discharges to water bodies, as part of the large-scale study, Desk study to review monitoring and research requirements for implementing the Water Framework Directive, and the state of preparation of Ireland within the timescale and milestones prescribed. , Research relating water quality data to catchment characteristics, and deriving a model that describes or predicts P levels in Irish surface waters., Project measuring the impact of cattle on soil physical properties relevant to the hydrological characteristics of a site, and assessing whether their presence is likely to influence the quality of the overland flow produced at a site., Eutrophication study using three modelling approaches to capture a range of modelling complexities and methodologies that could be applied to Irish data. The three modelling studies captured physically based, empirical and risk assessment (multi-criteria) models. , This report assesses water governance in Ireland using the Water Governance Indicator Framework, a tool developed by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2018 to assist countries in assessing their progress towards the European Union’s Water Framework Directive., This report examines lessons learned from the water governance arrangements put in place for the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) 2018–2021 for Ireland through the lens of experimental governance. The study finds that the three-tier governance structure is appropriate and should be continued. However, there is still room for improvement in the area of adapting and improving the operation of the existing arrangements., The quality of many of Ireland’s freshwater sources is declining, impacting in turn the quality and affordability of Ireland’s drinking water services. This project examines the history and development of the group water scheme sector, identifying how and why it has been successful in providing essential water services to rural Ireland, and providing several key findings that have implications beyond the rural water sector., The development of a methodology for identifying water-dependent habitats and hence protected areas with such habitats. It recorded these sites in digital form within a combined database and mapping system and recorded the water-dependent habitats and the species they contain., This study aims to quantify the total number and biomass of zebra mussels and assess changes to the population during the course of the study. Relevant water parameters and phytoplankton samples were analysed; direct ecological changes were also noted during the project. , Water sampling remains a key component in the monitoring and assessment of aquatic environments. Sampling requiring the use of a boat can lead to issues around accessibility, particularly at remote lakes where there may be a lack of a slipway. This research has successfully demonstrated that water chemistry data collected using drone water sampling methods are not statistically different from those produced by boat sampling., Vartry Reservoir is a very important drinking water source in Ireland. This project collected and analysed historical water quality and ecology data from 2016 to 2018 and a series of laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the causes of diatom blooms to identify the pressures. The study also monitored nutrient levels in both the feeding rivers and the reservoir., One important challenge in the 21st century is the ability to provide a clean and pollutant-free source of water. This project aimed to develop electrochemical and optical-based sensors for detection of organic contaminants (herbicides) and heavy metals. This research has shed light on the potential for the development and optimisation of novel environmental sensors and anti-biofouling strategies., In this project three Irish estuaries were modelled with the aim of quantifying the impact on water quality of existing nutrient loading from direct and diffuse inputs. Recommendations on the necessary nutrient load reductions to improve estuarine water quality and the appropriate pressure to target in nutrient load reductions for the three systems studied are provided., This research is a series of field experiments that measured patterns in the sediment and water pathways in the Golden Strand catchment, Achill Island, County Mayo. The results show that climate changes (storminess, temperature, precipitation) impacts are site specific and require long term, multidisciplinary field monitoring programmes (geomorphology, ecology hydrology) to capture local specificity and environmental variability. , Blanket bogs are common in many areas of Ireland, contributing to our most iconic landscapes. However, although they cover approximately 13% of the country, natural processes sustaining blanket bogs remain poorly understood. This research aimed to better understand blanket bog hydrology through a 3-year programme in which researchers monitored the flow and water quality in streams draining Irish blanket bogs that are relatively intact., The Innovative Water Monitoring project aimed to create an additional innovative sensing system for real-time detection of water quality parameters, to support the existing water quality monitoring policies, programmes and requirements under the Water Framework Directive, the Bathing Water Quality legislation, etc. It has demonstrated the ability to detect two such parameters, nitrates and Escherichia coli (E. coli), using the system., The Water Framework Directive requires the EPA to monitor the quality of water in Ireland’s rivers and lakes. This research reviewed the multiple values and benefits of nature, often termed ‘ecosystem services’ or’ nature’s contributions to people (NCPs)’. It provides insights into the multiple ways people value rivers and associated ecosystem services/ NCPs. The research also developed a decision support tool to assess the impacts on ecosystem services/NCPs of alternative river catchment measures., Eutrophication, often driven by phosphorus, is the most significant issue for inland surface waters in Ireland. Half of Irish river water bodies still require improvements to bring them to good status, as required by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC). This research contributes to Ireland’s response to the third River Basin Management Plan of the WFD and to the development and implementation of more sustainable and cost-effective agricultural policies., Wetlands provide important regulating ecosystem services, such as water purification, carbon capture and storage, and flood protection. They also provide rich habitats for biodiversity, including many protected species. This research project evaluated and developed methods for the assessment and definition of appropriate ecohydrological metrics to help policymakers conserve and/or restore wetlands, particularly with respect to meeting the objectives of the Water Framework Directive and Habitats Directive as applied to GWDTEs in Ireland., Clean, healthy water is essential for our economy, our aquatic wildlife and our health and wellbeing. However, as noted in the draft third-cycle River Basin Management Plan (Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, 2021), there are mounting environmental pressures on Ireland’s waters with the situation described as 'urgent'. The objective of this research was to review changes in structures and processes made under the second-cycle River Basin Management Plan, 2018–2021, to inform thinking regarding the third-cycle River Basin Management Plan, 2022–2027., In Ireland, Kelp forests can be found along rocky shorelines and dominates rocky substrata along the Irish coastline (approximately 3010 km out of the 7524 km of national shoreline). The report makes recommendations concerning monitoring and preserving kelp ecosystems nationwide. A range of resilience metrics was assessed for subtidal kelp forests in Ireland to better understand how to monitor, manage and simply understand these systems and their potential responses to climate shifts in nearshore ecosystems., The Reconnect project advanced knowledge on the impact of low-head barriers on connectivity in Irish rivers in terms of sediment dynamics and ecology (fish, macroinvertebrates and macrophytes) through studies undertaken from 2016 to 2020 in four core study areas on the Duag, Dalligan and Burren rivers and Browns Beck Brook and at 35 other locations across 12 river/stream systems. The project also developed a methodology for prioritising barriers for modification or removal to improve hydromorphology and connectivity., The ESDecide project set out to build on the outputs of the previous EPA-funded ESManage project by developing the tools and guidance needed to advance the incorporation of ecosystem services and the concept of “nature’s contribution to people” (NCP) into decision-making for the protection and management of freshwater resources and other related policy goals. The project developed the interactive decision support tool ProgRES, which helps river resource managers estimate the probability of changes in biological responses and the associated ecosystem services/NCP changes in environmental conditions., Estimation of soil permeability is a critical aspect of on-site wastewater treatment system design. The findings of this research identify a need to revise the currently available options in the Irish Code of Practice for estimating soil permeability for on-site wastewater system design. In this research, a correlation was developed between field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) and percolation time (T-values) across a full range of Irish soil texture data. , Many wastewater streams, such as those from the pharmaceutical and food industries or from municipal wastewater, for example, contain pollutants. The SPy project developed the eco-innovative ‘Sense and Purify’ (SPy) technology, which has significant advantages over traditional treatment processes, including low operations costs, significantly lower energy consumption, higher conversion efficiency, better effluent water quality and lower waste production., Lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters are crucial for human well-being. Lakes are critical sources of drinking water, and support irrigation, fisheries, and aquaculture activities. These waters are also important for recreation and tourism and support high levels of biodiversity. The number and diversity of water bodies in Ireland makes regular in situ monitoring an acute challenge for regulatory authorities. Ireland has legally binding legislative obligations under the WFD. This project determined if the use of freely available Earth observation data from both the Copernicus and Landsat Earth observation programmes could offer a cost-effective and evidence-based means of remotely monitoring such water bodies in Ireland. , Salmonid Arctic char is a freshwater fish species vulnerable to low oxygen levels, rising temperatures associated with global warming, threats from invasive species, and water abstraction activities. There is an urgent need for effective conservation and management of Irish Arctic char, as it is recognised as “vulnerable” in the Irish Red Data Book. The study examined the role of scientific communication in influencing policymakers' decisions on conservation of this species. , Droughts are pervasive and hazardous events that impact multiple domains, including agriculture, water resource management, ecological management, infrastructure, waterway navigation and forestry. A drought in Ireland in 2018, had severe socio-economic and environmental impacts across sectors: agriculture suffered from reduced grass growth, fodder shortages and decreased crop yields, peatlands faced increased wildfire risk and ecological degradation and water management was challenging amid supply issues. In addition, canals, waterways, and rivers experienced weed growth, navigation problems, fishing restrictions and reduced fish health and forestry saw increased tree deaths, especially in peatland plantations. The CROSSDRO project collated a network of river flow gauges across Europe, covering the period 1962–2017, for the analysis of hydrological drought., Eutrophication of waters and consequent algal blooms place significant pressure on marine ecosystems. Reducing the nutrient load of these waters is essential for ecosystem restoration. The MACRO-MAN project developed innovative methods to assess the environmental quality of Irish estuaries, and to identify drivers of and management strategies for macroalgal blooms. The potential risks associated with macroalgal blooms were considered in a global change context (e.g., climate change, emerging contaminants, biological invasions) in order to investigate the impact on ecosystem functioning and services provided by Irish estuaries. Using Earth Observation technologies, the project mapped the spatial and temporal distribution of brown, green and red macroalgal blooms in Irish estuaries, including the reconstruction of the invasion of a red Asian seaweed (Gracilaria vermiculophylla) in the Clonakilty estuary., Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) can be defined as “any synthetic or naturally occurring chemical or any microorganism that is not commonly monitored in the environment but has the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects”. This research provides a comprehensive insight into the occurrence and fate of CECs in wastewater treatment effluent on entry to Irish receiving waters. Two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), one urban and one rural were monitored for one year to identify the temporal and spatial occurrence of more than 100 CECs in the aquatic environment and the WWTPs influents and effluents. This work allows contaminants that are not efficiently removed during treatment of municipal effluents to be highlighted and enables an evidence-based prioritisation list of CECs to be developed in Ireland., The Nitrates Directive aims to protect water quality across Europe by preventing nutrients from agricultural sources, including livestock manures and other fertilisers, from polluting ground and surface waters, and by promoting good farming practices. Ireland’s Nitrates Action Programme states “There shall be no direct runoff of soiled water from farm roadways to waters”. Despite existing regulation, there has been minimal research in Ireland pertaining to the source, content, pathway, mobilisation and impact of roadway runoff. The Roadrunner project reviewed mitigation measures to treat roadway runoff, developed an on-farm visual tool to find and document connectivity between roadway runoff and waters, and provided the evidence base to define roadway runoff as a unique sub-component of the nutrient transfer continuum., Ireland has many commitments to both water quality and biodiversity under policies like the Water Framework Directive, national biodiversity plans, the Habitats Directive and the Nature Restoration Law. Considering these this research refocused attention on the Small Stream Network (SSNet) in terms of water quality management and policy. SSNet is the first large-scale research project in Ireland on first- and second-order streams to undertake investigations spanning hydrochemistry, multiple ecological elements and likely impact of climate change stressors. It advances knowledge on the role of small streams in water quality, biodiversity and ecosystem services and the pressures they face from diffuse and point source pollution. It recommends more water quality monitoring of small streams to help protect biodiversity and water quality further downstream, with priority protection given to areas with high regional biodiversity. Citizen science can potentially facilitate better monitoring. , With Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) recognised as one of the greatest challenges to human and animal health, it has major implications for our agriculture and food production systems, environment and economy. Using the One Health approach, which recognises the link between human, animal and environmental health, the PIER project focuses on furthering our understanding of the public health implications of environmental exposure to AMR and how this impacts the use of blue spaces, wellbeing and the quality of life. Using a multidisciplinary project team PIER gathered data on the relative risk of AMR colonisation following exposure in recreations waters, the persistence of AMR carriage in healthy individuals and created a stakeholder recreational water environment map to help identify feasible and impactful options to maximising use of our blue spaces. It highlights the need for guidelines on monitoring and reporting antimicrobial presence in bathing waters and year round monitoring., Lagoons of good conservation status are dominated by benthic macrophytes rather than phytoplankton blooms. Lady’s Island Lake in Wexford is one of Ireland’s largest lagoons, it is also one of our most eutrophic lagoons, this contrast with the 1980s when clear water was matched by a well-developed benthic sward of widgeon grass. This research conducted a suite of investigations into the reasons for the decline and compared the results with a less impacted saline lagoon. The results show severe degradation in Lady’s Island Lake with over 10 times higher chlorophyll a levels. Runoff of excessive nutrient inputs of nitrogen and possibly phosphorus from agriculture are identified as the main cause of eutrophication. A proposal to replace sea barrier breaching with a pipe also poses a serious risk to reducing lagoonal salinity. The research proposes a range of remedial measures to protect and improve the benthic quality of Lady’s Island Lake and other saline lagoons in Ireland. , This research addressed the significant societal and environmental risks posed by active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in water sources. Even at low concentrations these can affect wildlife and potentially humans. The report identifies the main sources of APIs and reveals that certain pharmaceutical compounds are consistently present at measurable concentrations, emphasising the importance of monitoring near waste water treatment plants and in surface waters both upstream and downstream. In addition, the project aimed to assess the effectiveness of ecotoxicology tests in determining the chronic effects of pharmaceuticals and measure toxicity, or modes of action using a battery of bioassays on individual pharmaceutical compounds and mixtures. Using this comprehensive approach, the research provides a deeper understanding of pharmaceutical pollution to inform strategies to mitigate its impact on the environment and public health. , With many of Ireland's surface waters classed as less than the minimum of “good ecological status” under the Water Framework Directive, this research project looked to support optimal targeting and management of riparian margins, in agricultural contexts, for effective management of rivers in Ireland. It delivers a riparian measures database summarising alternative measures for Irish conditions, evaluating their effectiveness and wider ecosystem service benefits. Core to the research is the “Right Measure, Right Place” concept, a key tenet of Ireland’s River Basin Management Plan (2022–2027). Tools were developed to identify locations for maximum impact, using landscape context to prioritise 16 identified mitigation measures. The project aims to help policymakers and other research projects expand beyond traditional approaches to achieve water quality objectives under policies like the Common Agricultural Policy and Water Framework Directive., Oligotrophic lake habitats, which are characterised by low accumulation of dissolved nutrient salts are protected freshwater habitats in Ireland. These habitats support limited life forms, mainly algae and macroinvertebrates. This research report, from the "Peat Lakes" project, looks at the potential of these organisms to help in characterising and conserving oligotrophic lakes using practical methods and assessment tools. It assesses and provides findings on water chemistry and data from plant communities, including macrophytes, algal communities (including desmids), and invertebrate communities from 24 water bodies within Atlantic blanket bog landscapes in the west of Ireland. The report makes several recommendations and provides relevant stakeholders from state agencies with important information for the conservation of small water bodies (area ≤ 0.01 km²), to support the monitoring of favourable conservation conditions in oligotrophic lake habitats, under the EU Habitats Directive." /> Reports | Environmental Protection Agency
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Latest Research reports

Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Emissions to Air, Land and Water in Ireland for 2000 and 2010

ERTDI Report 3 – Hayes et al., July 2002

Year: 2002

Report by Fergus Hayes and Ian Marnane on dioxin and furan emissions, prepared as part of the Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000–06.

Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Emissions to Air, Land and Water in Ireland for 2000 and 2010

ERTDI Report 3 – Hayes et al., July 2002

Year: 2002

Report by Fergus Hayes and Ian Marnane on dioxin and furan emissions, prepared as part of the Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000–06.

Climate Change Indicators For Ireland

ERTDI Report 2 - Sweeney et al., May 2002

Year: 2002

Research assessing a very wide range of potential indicators of climate change, and establishing several potentially valuable data sources which satisfy or partially satisfy the requirements that a good indicator should have.

Assessment And Evaluation Of Outlets Of Compost Produced From Municipal Waste

Final report - ERTDI report 6 - van der Werf et al , May 2002

Year: 2002

The key goal of this document was to formulate a national strategy to develop adequate, stable and reliable PBMW-compost market and non-market outlets

Environmental Impacts And Parameters For Inclusion In The Economic Valuation Of Road Schemes

Final report - ERTDI report 8 - Ozdemiroglu et al , May 2002

Year: 2002

Economic and non-economic approaches to assessing environmental effects.

Scope Of Transport Impacts On The Environment

Final Report - ERTDI report 9 - O’Mahony et al , May 2002

Year: 2002

Review of recent international literature on environmental impacts of the transport sector and on the integration of environmental considerations into transport planning and operations

Review Of Monitoring And Research To Meet The Needs Of The EU Water Framework Directive

Final Report - ERTDI Report 1 - Irvine et al , May 2002

Year: 2002

Desk study to review monitoring and research requirements for implementing the Water Framework Directive, and the state of preparation of Ireland within the timescale and milestones prescribed.

Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Emissions to Air, Land and Water in Ireland for 2000 and 2010

Final Report (2000-DS-2-M1) – Hayes et al , May 2002

Year: 2002

Final report by Fergus Hayes and Ian Marnane on dioxin and furan emissions, prepared as part of the Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000–06.

Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Emissions to Air, Land and Water in Ireland for 2000 and 2010

Final Report (2000-DS-2-M1) – Hayes et al , May 2002

Year: 2002

Final report by Fergus Hayes and Ian Marnane on dioxin and furan emissions, prepared as part of the Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000–06.

Methodologies For The Estimation Of Sustainable Settlement Size

Synthesis Report - ERTDI report 4 - Moles et al , January 2002

Year: 2002

Meeting immediate needs of National Spatial Strategy

Methodologies For The Estimation Of Sustainable Settlement Size

Final Report - ERTDI report 4 - Moles at al , January 2002

Year: 2002

Identifies key links between sizes of settlements and their sustainability.

Preliminary Study Of The Needs Associated With A National Ecological Network

Synthesis Report - ERTDI report 5 - Tubridy et al , January 2002

Year: 2002

Report on a background study for the National Spatial Strategy

A Strategy For Developing Recycling Markets In Ireland

Synthesis Report - ERTDI report 7 - Coakley et al , January 2002

Year: 2002

Report developed as part of the medium scale project: Assessment and Evaluation of Outlets for Materials that can be Recovered from Municipal Waste (2000-MS-8-M1). Other deliverables related to this project include a report: A Strategy for Developing Recycling Markets in Ireland and Fact Sheets on each material waste stream.

A Strategy For Developing Recycling Markets In Ireland

Final Report - ERTDI Report 7 - Coakley et al , January 2002

Year: 2002

Report developed as part of the medium-scale project: Assessment and Evaluation of Outlets for Materials that can be Recovered from Municipal Waste (2000-MS-8-M1).

Environmental Benchmarking For IPC Industries

Final report - Duffy et al , January 2002

Year: 2002

Aims to develop the specification for a software tool that could facilitate a process of benchmarking and internal development of an environmental management system among IPC licensees, in addition to assisting electronic reporting.

Environmental Benchmarking For IPC Industries

Synthesis Report - ERTDI Report 11 - Duffy et al , January 2002

Year: 2002

Aims to develop the specification for a software tool that could facilitate a process of benchmarking and internal development of an environmental management system among IPC licensees, in addition to assisting electronic reporting.

Development Of Strategic Environmental Assessment Methodologies For Plans And Programmes In Ireland

Final Report - ERTDI report 18 - Scott et al , January 2002

Year: 2002

Developing a suitable methodology in SEAs of development plans and programmes in Ireland

R&D94_99 Odour and Intensive Agriculture thumbnail

Odour Impacts and Odour Emission Control Measures for Intensive Agriculture

Year: 2001

This report provides an overview of the assessment of the odour impact of pig units including appropriate odour assessment methods to quantify emissions

R&D94_99 Odour and Intensive Agriculture thumbnail

Odour Impacts and Odour Emission Control Measures for Intensive Agriculture

Year: 2001

This report provides an overview of the assessment of the odour impact of pig units including appropriate odour assessment methods to quantify emissions

Procedure For The Identification Of The Hazardous Components Of Waste

Final Report - ERTDI report 12 - Duffy et al , January 2001

Year: 2001

Developing a definitive methodology to guide holders of waste through categorisation of waste, and which could also be used by regulators in making a determination.

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